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Mind Research
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š§ Neuroscience
Foundations
Neuroanatomy
Cellular & Molecular Neuroscience
Systems Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience
Computational Neuroscience
Brain-Computer Interface
Neurotech Frontiers
Neuro Disorders
Neurotech Frontiers
Optogenetics ā Light-Controlled Neurons
fMRI and BOLD Signal
TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation)
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)
Neuralink ā High-Density Invasive BCI
EEG ā Scalp Electroencephalography
Calcium Imaging
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tDCS / tACS / tRNS)
Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation
Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
Optogenetics ā Advanced & Variants
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)
Neuropixels ā High-Density Silicon Probes
Diffusion Tensor Imaging & Tractography
Chemogenetics / DREADD
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Patch Clamp
Brain Organoids
CNS Gene Therapy
Closed-Loop Neuromodulation
Table of Contents
1. Key Opsins
2. Experimental Pipeline
3. vs Traditional
4. Landmark Experiments
4.1 Memory Engram (Tonegawa 2012-2015)
4.2 DA Reward (Tsai 2009)
4.3 Parkinson (Kravitz 2010)
4.4 Sleep (Adamantidis 2007)
5. Applications
6. Limitations
6.1 Invasive
6.2 Long Setup
6.3 Light Penetration
6.4 Virus Specificity
7. PyTorch ā Optogenetic Experiment Concept
8. Modern Evolution
9. Common Pitfalls
9.1 ChR2 Behavioral Interference
9.2 Off-target Effect
9.3 Light Heating
9.4 Imperfect Specificity
9.5 Human Translation
10. Related Concepts
References