Alice
Project
Home
Simulation Replay
Worldview
Version Log
Mind Research
中文
🧠 Neuroscience
Foundations
Neuroanatomy
Cellular & Molecular Neuroscience
Systems Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience
Computational Neuroscience
Brain-Computer Interface
Neurotech Frontiers
Neuro Disorders
Systems Neuroscience
Visual System — retina → LGN → V1 → V2-V5
Auditory System
Motor System — M1, Premotor, BG, Cerebellum Coordination
Reward System — VTA / NAcc / DA / RL Neural Basis
Hippocampus and Memory Systems
Sleep / Wake System
Somatosensory System
Olfactory System
Vestibular System
Pain System
Gustatory System
Autonomic Nervous System
Interoception
Hypothalamus & Homeostasis
Circadian System
Spinal Cord Systems
Limbic System
Arousal & Neuromodulatory Systems
Cerebellar Learning System
Thalamocortical System
Table of Contents
1. Major Neuromodulatory Nuclei
2. ARAS (Ascending Reticular Activating System)
3. Modulating "State" Not "Content"
4. NE — Adaptive Gain (Aston-Jones & Cohen)
5. PyTorch — Neural Gain Modulation (Inverted-U)
6. Sleep-Wake Switching
7. Relation to Attention / Learning
8. Clinical + Pharmacology
9. Relation to AI
10. Common Pitfalls
10.1 Neuromodulators Transmit Content
10.2 Higher Arousal Always Better
10.3 One Neuromodulator One Function
10.4 Arousal = Consciousness
10.5 Sleep-Wake Is Gradual
11. Related Concepts
References